the emergence of new schools is a manifestation of human thought flows on the present. the birth of new schools is a threat to stability and security as well as trying to ban it immediately. new streams in this paper is a refinement of the term "fringe movement" that recent years become popular in Indonesia
| Preliminary |
In this paper began, the emergence of new schools is a manifestation of human thought flows in the present. Movement of thought is always affects the human condition that effects both positive and negative influences. Preceded the emergence of a cult movement who want to try to do the reconstruction, purification, innovation, and other sebaginya the teachings of conventional and normative in a particular religion or belief. But sometimes, those businesses that do often times creates streams that stray far from his native religion, so that the flow was finally created an evolving doctrines and even cause a new religion as well. It is always the problem of religion because it is undeniable that the emergence of such thinking is an undesirable place, can be exemplified by the emergence of new sects in a religion that is considered "weird" by some, considered to be misleading and disrupting the flow of a particular religious establishment . Problems like this tend to lead to religious conflict, and each conflict has the potential to generate violence. There is a tendency of opinion which argues that the birth of these new schools is a threat to stability and security as well as trying to ban it immediately. As a recent example at the moment stretching motion of the flow of Ahmadiyah, Lia Eden and other new flow, which is surprising Indonesia and the Muslim community into the conversation everywhere in recent times. Although it is undeniable that history has recorded the appearance of these flows is always there from time to time. This paper will give the description of the phenomenon of movement of thought that give rise to new streams of current, emerging streams are extremely diverse, what is the main factor of its appearance? Is it true that schools are misguided and misleading? Or is there a better wisdom behind their error? Because the Prophet has said: "The difference between my community is a blessing" |
| A stream-flow Phenomenon of New Religious Movements |
New streams in this paper is a refinement of the term "fringe movement" of recent years become popular in Indonesia as a designation for various religious movements that are considered "eccentric and bizarre" or deviate from the aqeedah, worship, practice, or the establishment of a majority of the people. The term is apparently a translation of the word "sect or sectarian" that has many negative connotations, such as a protest against something and the secession of the majority, the attitude of the establishment of firm but rigidly exclusive. [1] The term "fringe movement" is commonly used normatively, to flow by religious institutions are considered heretical and dangerous. However, this definition raises difficulties for further study. For example, if the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamat Qodian or a new splinter movement after a fatwa against it. Or to borrow an example from neighboring countries who have different religious sects of religion prohibited by the central office of Malaysia, is still considered valid only by the assemblies of Islam in the countries share. If we look for objective criteria to define and understand the splinter movement, it helps us take the distance from the debate about truth and error. Menyempal movement of thought is of course thinks he is more correct than his opponent, usually they just feel more convinced of the truth or understand their position. Therefore, the criteria should be used is sociological rather than theological criteria. In the sociological approach to splinter the movement and the concept of orthodoxy is not absolute and eternal, but relative and dynamic. Orthodoxy is understood that the majority of adopted people, or more precisely the dominant class of scholars. As known, throughout Islamic history there has been a shift in the dominant ideologies that can not be separated from the political situation. In many ways, the orthodoxy is understood that supported the ruling, while understanding that are not approved branded heretical; splinter movement is often a refusal to understand and is a dominant social or political protest. [2] The emergence of flow of a belief or religion is a context that can not be separated from religious studies and studies in the social sciences, because it involves an individual and a group of people active in it. Some experts in this attempt to classify these streams. Soemarno WS with other research experts classify it into three types: Classes per person of trust, namely the group consisting of one or two people doing for the sake of personal self-confidence without expansion of the business to others. Group trust college, students who receive and propagate his teachings. Group of shamanism, in which science is practiced shamanism original treatment for people who need it . [3] From the above classification, it is known that the flow-flow or movement of the trust, the flow kebathinan etc., entered in the first and second kind, but that does not mean that a third type of classification is free. It could be a third type that has the potential to give rise to the teachings of streams menwujudkan new confidence. This cursory review indicates that the Islamic splinter movement in Indonesia is quite different from each other. Their social backgrounds also vary. To be hoped that its appearance could be explained by one of two factors alone. There is a tendency to see all the splinter movement as a symptom of the crisis, the side effects of rapid modernization process and the shift in values. But movements such as those described above is not a new phenomenon. Prototype breakaway movement in the history of Islam is the case Kharijites, which occurred long before any modernization. Messianic movement has often occurred during the history of Islam, the Middle East and Indonesia. While the congregation was often the driving force or a container of social protest folk or local elites between 1880 and 1915. Purifying the radical movement has also been common, at least since the Padri movement. The emergence of all kinds of sects and school of "mysticism" is not something peculiar to developing countries. Indeed, in highly developed countries like the United States, the phenomenon is very prominent. Can be estimated, that the number of new flows that appear every year (now) not much higher than three decades ago. This sort of thing happens because the climate is influenced by social, economic and political, rather, not just the emergence of schools themselves are so problems, but a lot of genres attract new adherents. Period 1880 to 1915, for example, is the heyday of the congregation in Indonesia; influence and the number of adherents is growing fast. Movement or other religious sects are not so prominent at that time. Congregations have a small container uprising against the colonizers and indigenous civil service, not because there is the revolutionary nature of the congregation itself, but because the number of adherents and social background, because of its organizational structure (vertical-hierarchical), and because aspects of the "thaumaturgical" its (immune, supernatural powers). [4] It can be concluded that the new stream flow nuncul today is part of the other streams that always comes up from time to time and continue to always be there. Until now the above phenomenon is inevitable existence. |
| New schools in Indonesia |
Freedom of religion is an option open to the community that lead to the advancement of democracy. Option requires an open attitude of appreciation and respect for every religion to understand and execute creational worship. Imposition of a particular religious belief will only lead to acts of violence that the creativity of interpretation. [5] It was what happened in Indonesia at this time could be said that democracy is already too far this has resulted in rampant f enomena cult of Islam, recently growing and increasingly fertile only in this country. In the past few months, clashes between the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) with Ahmadiyah congregation. Because of the Ahmadiyya sect, admits founder and teacher, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, from India, as the Prophet. Cult emerged in different regions of the respective phenomena. As KH Ma'ruf Amin, based on the findings of MUI, a cult has grown almost in all regions of Indonesia. They were identified as Muslim or Islamic groups. But the teachings that they do conflict with Islamic law. [6] And what about a doctrine or a stream can be considered heretical? A stream called what he taught heresy when it has deviated from the standard rules of religious teachings. borrow the words of Chairman of the MUI Fatwa Council, KH. Ma'ruf Amin, "out of the agreement and the difference manhaj strayed beyond the authentic". So when there are people who claim Islamic reformer and he stated that the five daily prayers are not obligatory, or not be done in Arabic, then it can be called a heretic. Similarly, when there are people who claim to believe in Islam but no prophet after Prophet Muhammad SAW. it is also referred to as a cult keblinger. And other teachings that have deviated from the rules of Islam which has been standard (Qat'i). According to KH Miftah Farid, an act considered heretical when the perpetrator uses the name of Islam but adopted teaching and dissemination of the teachings are not in accordance with the principles of fundamental Islam. For example, they do not believe in the obligatory prayers five times a day, or they do not believe in As-Sunnah (Hadith) as a source of Islamic law. Factor causing the emergence of a cult among others due to the shallowness of belief and knowledge of some Muslims. Another factor because there are some liberal-minded Muslims consider Islam to be innovated and what they like. In addition, it is quite possible there is a group that deliberately confuse true teachings of Islam. Siltation of the Muslims seems to keep faith proffered by the circles that do not like the development of Islam. They for example, makes people start to not believe fully in the Koran. There is also a deliberate movement inkarus Sunnah, Hadith deny the truth. They use only the Quran as the basis for religious life and reject the Hadith. Ironically, many streams are constantly evolving and calling activities as an Islamic movement and renewal. In fact, they actually have fallen into apostasy. [7] Rasululalh to have said, one day his people split into 73 firqah, alias classes. Unfortunately, Muslims and racing form and boasts the most correct class. For Muslims, the flow of trust like a thorn in the flesh. Splinter-splinter religion that is considered misleading rich and varied life. [8] In Islamic history, many groups considered heretical, and even accused of infidels, but they never asked to set up his own religion. Examples were scattered in the history of Islam. Qadariyyah group (who believe in the freedom of the will), are considered infidels by orthodox Sunni Muslims. Shiites also are considered infidels by some Islamic groups. But, they never asked to set up a separate religion from Islam. The philosopher also dikafirkan some Islamic groups. Imam Ghazali who lived in 11th century AD, mengkafirkan teachings of two great philosophers of Islam, Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina in three issues of theology. However, Imam Ghazali never asked them to establish their own separate religion from Islam, and this also took place in Indonesia, is seen in the history of sects considered heretical emerged in Indonesia from time to time. [9] In fact there are many equations of the flow -the illegal flow. As an organization the flow, they are born of one pilot who later became the elders, who will lead his followers to grow. Even more important is to believe Belief in God Almighty. According DR.Kunto Wijoyo History Faculty of Arts lecturer UGM, the emergence of a cult due to the thinness of one's faith, and ignorance of true religion. [10] In a span of 2 years or a range of flow heresies arise from different regions of the country include:
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| Understanding Controversy Schools of New The emergence of groups considered heretical is due to have been socialized over the masculine attitude, either by state or by members of one religion. Over this masculine attitude and arrogance of power and led to regard the difference as a threat. And so was born in a political format so-called "extremists" in a format that religion is often termed the "apostate" or "misguided". [13] One important element in the constitution is to protect the rights of minorities. A constitution should protect the rights of minority groups from the "attack" the majority of which utilize the large number of their supporters. Although democracy necessitates a majority vote, but he also enforced through rules aimed at protecting and nurturing of all parties, including minoritas.Inilah group called democratic constitutionalism. With or without a constitution, the majority will reach its rights with ease. Meanwhile, minority groups rely only on constitutional guarantees. That is why the constitution is determined by the keeper of nine judges of the Constitutional Court, not determined a majority vote of the people. In Indonesia today, we see minority rights taken away just by the power of the masses, as happens in the synagogue of Ahmadiyah and Lia Eden. Instead of protecting and nurturing, the government seemed to turn a blind eye on the lifting of the constitutional rights of minority groups to run keyakinannya.UUD 1945 Article 29 guarantees freedom of religion. This article unfortunately reduced by two things. First, the Presidential Determination. 1 in 1965 which was inaugurated by Law no. 5/1969 which limits the interpretation of the word "religion" in Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution only to the six official religions only. And limit the government has interpreted Article 29 UUD 1945 it arbitrarily. [14] When viewed in the annals of religious travel, especially in Indonesia, many noted the tensions, which ended in bloodshed among fellow believers. The name of religion, each group feels self-righteous convert or mengkafirkan with each other. Any sort of religious dogma into the war drums at all times and places where legitimate beating, flags were flown daredevil. Then was born antoginistik attitude that leads to ignorance. And then create the folly itself is anti-human behavior and anti-divine. So what do you call if there is a group of people (who feel most) religion antagonistic to behave a certain flow that he considered heretical, shouting Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar they damage assets and property of other groups deemed heretical. Without wishing to defend or condemn any of the parties, any disagreement should be used as a natural process and scientific reasoning for the creation of heritage and spiritual enrichment. For the far-distant day the Prophet had bequeath to the people is that the differences among my people is a blessing. Indeed, the glory of this people will never be a rahmatanlil'aalaamiin all the faithful are still narrow-minded to the differences that exist and that will arise in the future. [15] I think we do not have to race violence to solve problems of history is always an issue of human religion, maybe a few things below can be one entry for us in solving the existing problems: to develop a decent dialog (bil wajadilhum Lati hiya ahsan). teachings of Islam places great emphasis on the shape of the safety of all parties. Peaceful ways to overcome violence done, the form of rejection wisely, with discussion and debate as well. Muslims maturity level is not fully visible, if there is still much emotional act by damaging public places. Conflict resolution. Conflict resolution is a form of conflict management in a way to negotiate the interests of each party. One form of conflict resolution is an attempt to mediate between the two people / groups that are in conflict. Conflict resolution will be effective, if the two warring parties have a willingness to dialogue, open and honest with resolving disputes. Freedom of each individual is limited by other individuals kebebsan. So this is where the need of a sense of responsibility. Develop an open attitude toward differences in interpretation. Tafsir the explanation of religious texts created by religious community. Being open to interpretation encourages people to accept differences as a form of the laws. By accepting a variety of different forms of creativity born of many commentaries, the necessitates of life in a dignified manner with mutual influence as well. Here, each mission will be tested with a reservation on the goodness and salvation. Propaganda that actually rational to be accepted by society. Into an inter-religious propaganda undoubtedly paved the way for peace. What has been done by religious leaders in Indonesia, such as KH Abdurrahman Wahid, with Magnis Suseno to escort the elegant way in playing the role of each mission. Communities can learn from different religions to enable the self as a caliph in the earth. Ie the caliph who carries a mission to bring peace and protect his fellow mankind. The presence of inter-religious dialogue further enrich the love of fellow human beings created by God the almighty power. [16] discourse of such solutions are also causing controversy there is also an understanding group of people who think that the efforts of inter-religious dialogue is an act of "eccentric" was carried by thinkers in today's popular title called liberal thinkers, but positive thinking may be better for us in this response. Furthermore the scholars and umara would also need to behave and act more responsive to anticipate a situation like this before its too late. Scholars and umara expected not remain silent when it knew the existence of an eccentric religious teachings. That is, the need to provide mission guidance and strict law enforcement against the carrier and the cult's teachings. Do not be left to grow and make people anxious can also lead to instability as well as society. A restless society could have taken action on their own. Chaos and mass confusion can occur suddenly. Strengthening human creed also became an important point to counteract the spread of this cult. They are easily trapped in a cult is because of the weakness of their faith and lack of knowledge of Islam that they have, so that the spreading cult so easily deceive them under the pretext of religion to mislead. [17] Among the examples of a growing flow of Indonesia's most controversial is the case of an emerging doctrine geliatnya recent months the case of the Ahmadiyya and Lia Eden with the flow named Alamulla various speculations of thought and understanding as well as emerging opinion in addressing the existence of this flow description of the solution may the authors describe can be an alternative discourse for us in addressing the existence and emergence of the movement of thought in this life, not just concerned with ego and self-righteousness that is not necessarily the truth of Allah SWT is received. And Allaah knows best Bissawwab. |
| CLOSING |
| Growth and development or the heresy of science in the Islamic community in this country, not only may cause Aqeedah Muslims deviate from the demands of God, even It was also the party of the elements that lead to disunity among the Muslims themselves. Will arise in the Islamic society is a set of practice is a set of practice several different types of knowledge in terms of name but a motive has almost the same. Each group will try to find how many followers as possible; implications of the situation is like this will lead to the disappearance of a sense of Islamic brotherhood that is very, very dititik beratkan by God as a weapon of strength and unity of Muslims. And more sweat again as envisioned by the Prophet which at a time later that his people be broken to the seventy-three groups. Word of the Prophet. It means: "It would be broken to my people to seventy-three sects, all of them in Hell except one, namely groups who follow the Sunnah sunnahku and my friends" People, Muslims do believe in God should be understood that the difference is not something that should be a reason for the anarchist actions to one class to another class, a strong believer is the believer who has the power of faith is born of an increase in devotion to the Allah. Therefore, to overcome and eradicate all heresy contained in an Islamic society so every Muslim should be responsible for teaching and study something or practice it in detail with the teachings of Islam based on the all-holy before accompanying teaching something, so that by this faith and belief Muslims of the greatness of God's power can be maintained and also circumvent the Muslim people in this country than deceived and trapped with the factions that seek influence behind the veil of Islam. And Allaah knows best Bissawwab. |
REFERENCES
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