CHAPTER IIDISCUSSION
A. Classification of Islamic Education Teaching Methods and FunctionsMethod comes from the Greek "Methodos'' which means the way or the path. With respect to the scientific effort, it comes to the workings of the method to be able to grasp objects that were targeted science is concerned. Function means method as a means to an end.Knowledge of teaching methods is in need by educators, because the success or failure of student learning is dependent on whether or not the appropriate teaching methods used by teachers.Learning method that is able to generate motive, interest or passion learning activities of students and ensure the development of student's personality is the method of discussion. Discussion method is a way of teaching that is characterized by an attachment to a topic or subject any questions or problems. Where frank discussions with members trying to reach or obtain a decision or opinion agreed.In a discussion of methods teachers can guide and educate students for life in an atmosphere of responsibility, msetiap people who speak or express opinions must be based on certain principles that can diperanggungjawabkan. So it's not nonsense, nor to incite or disruptive atmosphere. Respect the opinions of others, accept and reject enar opinion pendapatb wrong is the hallmark of the methods that can dighunakan democratic-minded students to educate and train their speaking ability. Active learning atmosphere so that students can be achieved, then the discussion can use a variety of learning models attract and motivate students. Of secant many existing learning models, jigsaw learning model suitable for use in methods of discussion.We ought to know, that the methods of teaching Islamic education here very many of them are:
1. Lecture methodTeachers provide a description or explanation to a number of students at certain awaktu (limited time) and certain places anyway. Implemented in the spoken language to give meaning to a problem, because it is often called the lecture method, because there are similarities teachers teach with a teacher giving a lecture to his students.With this lecture the students sit, look and listen, and believe that what is true diceramahkan teachers, students cite effort as much as the students themselves lecture and memorize marks on further investigation by the teachers concerned. [1]Function as follows:a. To dispel the misconceptions of students to the material provided, an explanation should be given and descriptions, gestures, and examples should be sufficient and if necessary use the media.b. Selingilah lecture method with other methods to relieve boredom learnersc. Arrange lectures systematically.Its terms:Abdul Kadir Munsyi Dip., And et al, Guidelines for Teaching the Practical Guidance for prospective teachers, formulate, among others:a. Mastered the material and connect with other subjects (kerelasi),b. Provide an opportunity to the students to think (activity),c. Take the time to repeat with questions of memory and mind (Abdul Kadir Munsyi Dip., And et al. 1981: 69). [2]
2. Question and answer methodQuestion and answer method is the delivery of the lesson with the teacher asking questions and students answer. Or an educational method in which the teacher asks students to answer while on the material you want obtained.Another method of question jawanb understanding is how the presentation of the lesson in the form of questions to be answered, especially from the teacher to the student or the student may also from teachers.In the history of Islam was known method of question and answer, because this method is often used by the Prophet and Messenger of Allah to teach the doctrine that brought to his people. This method includes the oldest method in addition to the lecture method, but its effectiveness is greater than the other methods. Because, the question and answer method, understanding and understanding can be obtained more stable. So that any form of misunderstandings and weaknesses sense the lessons can be avoided as much as possible.Word of Allah with regard to this method are:! $ TBur $ Uzu = y ™ ö'r & ÆÏB y7Î = ö6s% ZWI) Zw% y `Í 'ûÓÇrqœR öNÍköŽs9Î) 4 (# þqè = t« ó ¡Su ÷ Ÿ @ dr & Ì?? Ø.Ïe%! $ # BI) óOçGYä. YW tbqçHs> ÷ ès? ÇÍÌÈIts mean: "And we have not sent before you, except that the men we gave the revelation to them, then ask the person who has knowledge if you do not know." (Surat al-Nahl: 43).In Islam, people of knowledge when asked about his knowledge required to answer the extent of his ability, if not, then Allah threatened her with a very grievous chastisement. As word of the Prophet:من سئل عن علم فكتمه الجمه الله بلجام من النار (رواه الطبراني)Meaning: "Whoever asked about the science, and he hid it, then Allah will curb the confinement of the fire of hell." (Narrated by al-Tabarani)Different from the question and answer method of evaluation. Question and answer method is one technique of delivery of material, while the evaluation is the measuring tool for measuring student learning outcomes. [3]Function as follows:a. Determine an achievable goalb. Formulate questions to be askedc. Questions posed to the students as a whole, before the sala appoint one student to answerd. Summarized the results of charge, in order to obtain knowledge systematically.3. discussion methoddiscussion method is a way to learn the subject matter by debating the issues that arise and complain to each other in a rational and objective arguments. This method raises attention and change behavior of children in learning. Method of discussion is also intended to stimulate the students to learn and think critically and rationally expressed their opinions and objective in solving the problem. Principles that need to be restrained in a discussion, among others:a. actively involve students in discussions held,b. necessary order and regularity in an opinion in rotation led by a chairman or moderator,c. issues discussed and adjusted to the child's ability,d. teachers trying to encourage students to undertake a less active or expressed their opinions,e. students are accustomed to respect other people's opinions in favor of or against the opinion,f. atuaran and the discussion should be explained to the students who are still not familiar with the procedures discussed so that they can seamlessly follow. [4]Function as follows:a. to foster transparent and tolerant attitude to students because he used to listen to the opinions of others even if that opinion is different from hers.b. To search for a variety of input in deciding a / several issues together.c. To familiarize students to think logically and systematically.4. Demonstration methodDemonstration method is the method of educating the group that was exemplified by the Prophet. For example, in the teaching of the Prophet himself prayed to demonstrate the ways a good prayer.He said which means:: "pray as I pray for you all." (Narrated by Bukhari).Also advocated prayer berjamaan with reward multiplied 27 times or Friday prayers every Friday once a week, and so on. With the way this group know and understand the process of science pengatahuan more effective, therefore are able to ask each other and correct each other when each other wrongdoing. [5]Its function:a. To provide specific skills training to studentsb. For ease of explanation given that direct students to know and be able to do so skilled.5. Method of assignment (recitation)Abu Ahmadi suggests that the method of assignment or recitation pupil is given a special assignment outside class hours. Mahfudh Saladin and et al, explained that the method of assignment is a way of teaching that is characterized by the presence of planning activities between students and teachers on an issue or problem to be solved and mastered by learners with a certain period of time mutually agreed between the learners and educators.Function as follows:a. Aimed to gain specific skills in doing something, example mengayam skills, making flowers from paper, and sebagaainya.b. To strengthen the knowledge that has been received by the students.Its terms:a. If clear goals to be achieved by learners,b. If the task is given to encourage learners to foster initiative,c. The task given to fill spare time learners,d. Activities undertaken should be able to add the experience of learnerse. All tasks assigned educators should be clear by learnersf. Educators give some clues in an effort penyesuainnya. [6]6. Methods sociodramasSociodramas consists of two syllables "Socio" which means people, and "drama" which means the state of a person or the incident experienced by people, nature and behavior, one's relationships, one's relationship with others and so on.Sodiodrama method is a method of teaching in which the teacher provides the opportunity for students to perform certain activities such as playing a role in public life are (social).From the above it can be concluded, that sociodramas is a form of teaching methods staging or acting out behavior in social relationships. The basic principle of this method is contained in the Qur'an, on surah Al-Maidah verses 27-31, which tells a very impressive drama between Cain and Abel.In that paragraph provides a clear picture, how the play is done by Cain can give the impression of a very deep so regretted his actions, because he saw himself directly deeds of a crow. [7]Function as follows:a. Lessons are intended to explain the events and concerns experienced by many people didactic considerationsb. The lesson is intended to train students to solve problems that are psychologicalc. To train students to be able to get along and make it possible for other people and their understanding of the problem.7. Methods of study toursAccording to H. Zuhairini et al, the field trip method is a method of teaching which is carried out by way of taking children out of class to be able to show these things or events that had to do with lessons. Curriculum Dikdaktik team methodically explained, that the methods of the field trip is a teaching method in which students and teachers left the school to go to a place to investigate or learn certain things.From some of the above shows that this method is an alternative which is for students to gain learning experiences that are not obtained directly in the classroom. This method is very well done as a distraction because students can take straight to the real world.Function as follows:a. Students actively engaged in their respective dutiesb. During the teacher in charge of student activities melakasanakan provide guidance, supervision, motivating and ask questions.c. Temporary data processingd. Preparation of reports generated through the implementation of the results of the event. Of these activities, teachers can assess the progress in the visit.8. Methods of exercise / drillZuhairini defines that the drill method is a method of teaching by way of training students to the lesson material that has been given.Function as follows:a. To provide feedback to teachers as a basis to improve the teaching and learning process.b. To determine the rate of progress / results of their study viding studentsc. To place students in appropriate learning situations.9. Methods of problem solvingMethods of problem solving / problem solving is a method in education and teaching with road train children to deal with the problems of the most simple to the difficult problems. [8]Function as follows:a. In order to combat juvenile delinquency (in the field of morals), the most effective way to collect alms, and other problems in the field of jurisprudence (both worship and mua'amalat)10. Group work methodRamayulis formulate the presentation of the material in a way that assignments to learn something to learn groups that have been defined in order to achieve the goal (Ramayulis, 1990: 165). Mahfudh Saladin, et al. Describes a method of teaching, students are organized into groups receiving lessons on time or at certain tasks.Function as follows:a. When kekuarang equipment or facilities in class, for example, in one class there are only a few books alone, while the number of students is quite a lot. To achieve the purpose of teaching and students are required to read the book then the class can work with students who are more proficientb. The presence of several units of work that needs to be completed in the same time or when a more precise job duties specified, then the class is divided several groups according to the type of need, and each group is responsible for specific tasks given.Its terms:a. The task group should be clear,b. Educators must be able to perform personal in the group,c. There are data that support,d. Educators take the time to monitor. [9]11. Experimental methodsExperimental methods (experimental) is a way of presenting a lesson in which students conduct experiments to prove his own experience and learned something. In teaching and learning with the experimental method students are given the opportunity to experience for themselves or do themselves, following a process, observing an object, analyzing, proving and draw your own conclusions about an object, situation or process anything. Thus, or trying to find a law or proposition, and draw conclusions on the processes in nature. [10]Function as follows:a. To provide specific training to students ketempilan.
CHAPTER IIICLOSING
ConclusionMethod comes from the Greek "Methodos'' which means the way or the path. With respect to the scientific effort, it comes to the workings of the method to be able to grasp objects that were targeted science is concerned. Function means method as a means to an end.Knowledge of teaching methods is in need by educators, because the success or failure of student learning is dependent on whether or not the appropriate teaching methods used by teachers.Learning method that is able to generate motive, interest or passion learning activities of students and ensure the development of student's personality is the method of discussion. Discussion method is a way of teaching that is characterized by an attachment to a topic or subject any questions or problems. Where frank discussions with members trying to reach or obtain a decision or opinion agreed.Several methods of Islamic education, among others:a. Lecture methodb. Question and answer methodc. Discussion methodd. Demonstration methode. Method of assignmentf. Group work methodg. Methods sociodramash. Methods of field tripi. Drll methods / exercisesj. Methods of problem solving (Problem solvinbg)
REFERENCES
Arief, Armai. , 2002. Introduction and Methodology of Islamic Education, Jakarta: Chester Press.Djamarah, Syaiful Bahri & Zain Aswan. 2010. Teaching and Learning Strategies. Jakarta: Rineka Reserved.Daradjat, zakiah. 1995. Special methodical teaching of Islam. London: Earth Akasara.Namsa, Jonah. In 2000. Islamic Teaching Methodology, Ternate: Pustaka Firdaus.Uhbiyati, Nur. , 1997. Islamic Education (IPI) for UIN-STAIN-PTAIS Education Faculty, MKDK Components, Bandung: Pustaka Setia.Usman, Basyiruddin. , 2002. Methodology of Islamic Learning, London: Chester Press.Zuhairini & et al. 1981. Special methodical Religious Education, New York: National Business.
[1] Dr. Zakiah Daradjat & et al, methodical Special Teaching Islam, (London: Earth Literacy, 1995), p. 289.[2], Drs. Namsa Yunus, Islamic Teaching Methodology, (Ternate: Pustaka Firdaus, 2000), p. 68-69.[3] Dr. Armai Arief, M. A., Introduction and Methodology of Islamic Education, (New York: ciputat Press, 2002), p. 140-142.[4] Drs. M. Basyiruddin Usman, M. P., Methodology of Islamic Learning, (London: Chester Press, 2002), p. 36-37.[5] Dra. Hj. Uhbiyatti Nur, Islamic Education (IPI) for UIN, STAIN-PTAIS, Faculty Tarbiya, MKDK Components, (New York: Library of Truth, 1997), p. 112.[6] Drs. Namsa Yunus, Islamic Teaching Methodology, op., Cit, p. 75.[7] Dr. Armai Arief, M. A., Introduction and Methodology of Islamic Education, op., Cit, p. 179-180.[8] Dra. H. Zuhairini & et al, methodical Special Religious Education, (New York: National Business, 1981), p. 99.[9] Drs. Namsa Yunus, Islamic Teaching Methodology, (Ternate: Pustaka Firdaus, 2000), p. 83-84.[10] Drs. Syaiful Bahri Djamarah & DSR. Aswan Zain, Teaching and Learning Strategy, (New York: Rineka Copyright, 2010), Cheque 4th, h. 84.Posted by seruandakwah at 15:25 No comments:Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to FacebookOlder Post HomeSubscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)About MeMy Pictures
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