PRESENT TENSE
1. Simple Present Tense
although present mean now (sekarang) but matter of in don't be interpreted that the action done at the moment. this tenses is used to express something that have the character of remain to, real truth or habit. Because often concerning occurence of past time, now and will come. This Tense at least having selected time description. English sentences generally must have subject (S) and Predicate (P). Because that, all tenses formulatived like that.
Formulas of Present Tense:
(positive) : S + V1 / S + V1 + O
(Negative) : S + do (es) not + V1
(Interrogative) : Do (es) + S + V1 ?
If in the sentence have not another verb, so we use verb to be.
Affirmative (+): S + Be (am, is, are)
Affirmative (-) : S + Be (am, is, are) + not
Affirmative (?): Be (am, is, are) + S
Examples:
(Positive) :
1. I drink milk.
2. A postman delivers letters.
3. A Man walks with his feet.
(Negative) :
I do not drink milk.
A Postman do not delivers letters.
The Man do not walks with his feet.
(Interrogative) :
Do You drink milk?
Does Postman delivers letters?
Does The Man walk with his feet?
(Affirmative) :
(+) : I am busy.
(-) : I am not busy
(?) : Are you busy?
2. Present Continuous Tense
This Tense is used to express something really action is doing in this time. sentences in this tense a more regular weared than present tense.
Formulas of Present Continuous Tense:
(positive) : S + Be (am, is are) + V ing (present participle)
(Negative) : S + Be (am, is are) + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : Be (am, is, are) + S + V?
Examples:
(Positive) :
I am sitting on a chair.
It is raining now.
We are studying English
(Negative) :
I am not sitting on a chair.
It is not (isn’t) raining now.
We are not (aren’t) studying English.
(Interrogative) :
Is it raining now?
Are you studying English?
Interrogative word “When” (kapan) don’t be used in Present Contionuous Tense if except is meant express to action which immediately and surely (immediatc future). Example:
When are you coming back?
There are some selected verb which may not be used in Present Continuous Tense though actions is really done nowadays and is instead weared sentence in Present Tense. the verbs for example are see, hear, smell, forget, remember, know, understand, like want, hate, care, etcetera. Examples:
“I know the lesson now” Not “I am knowing the lesson”
“Do you understand now?” Not “Are you understanding now?”
3. Present Perfect Tense
This is Tense which was generally assumed most was difficult to comprehended. To overcome this matter is we have to recognize marking of Tense this. Present Perfect Tense Of dot weigh against at "It have or have its" an action "is not at time doing" action. or equally Present Perfect Tense don't make account of when the happening of an action but the haveness of action done. Therefore this Tense have never followed by time description. Examples:
False : I have read this book yesterday.
True : I have read this book already (Present Perfect Tense)
Or : I read this book yesterday (Simple Past Tense)
Ad for possibly cause this Tense is confused with Past Tense.
Formulas of Present Perfect Tense:
(positive) : S + have (has) + V3 (past participle)
(Negative) : S + have (has) + not + V3
(Interrogative) : Have (has) + S + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) :
You have told me before.
She has never seen a tiger.
They have been to Japan many times.
(Negative) :
You have not told me about it.
She has not seen that film yet.
They have not been to Japan.
(Interrogative) :
Have you told me before?
Has she met you before?
Have they been to Japan?
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
If an action started past time but still is doing till now hence us use sentence in the form of Present Perfect Continuous Tense. This Tense is weared if Verb is including Static Nature (bersifat tetap).
Such as: Stand, Sleep, Lie, Study ,etc. that verbs usually used in Present Perfect Tense. Comparing:
I have read this book (Saya sudah membaca buku ini). which intended to you may borrow him or interrogate me concerning the book content because I have read its.
Unlike:
I have been reading this book for a month. with the meaning I have read this book during one unfinished months but and still I will continue.
Formula of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
S + have (has) been + V ing
PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense
is used to express an old world action that happened. Way past tense form depend on type of second Verb. first way added d or of ed at second verb (regular verb). Second way in generally change the vowel sounds (irregular verb).
Formula of Simple Past Tense:
(Positive) : S + V2 (preterite)
(Negative) : S + did not (didn’t) + V1
(Interrogative) : Did + S + V1 ?
Examples:
(Positive) :
I walked to school yesterday
The girl ate much ice cream this morning
They had a car last year
(Negative) :
I didn’t walk to school yesterday
The girl didn’t eat much ice cream this morning
They didn’t have a car last year.
(Interrogative) :
Did you walk to school this morning?
Did she eat much ice cream this morning?
Did They have a car last year?
2. Past Continuous Tense
This Tenses is used to express an action which is happened in past time. and at the same time happened other action. This Tense emphasize is the happening of the action not its have.
Formulas of Past Continuos Tense:
(Positive) : S + was/were + V ing (present participle)
(Negative) : S + was/were + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : was/where + S + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) :
I was reading a newspaper
The sun was shining brightly
The children were playing football
(Negative) :
I wasn’t reading a newspaper
The sun wasn’t shining brightly
The children weren’t playing football
(Interrogative) :
Was I reading a newspaper?
Was the sun shining brightly?
Where the children playing football?
3. Past Perfect Tense
It is the same with Past Continuos Tense nor selfsupporting as simple sentence but have to provide with Past Tense sentence. this used to express an action which have been done in past time.
Formulas of Past Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + had + V3
(Negative) : S + had + not + V3
(Interrogative) : Had + S + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) :
I had seen the film
The man had been sick
They had met her
(Negative) :
I hadn’t seen the film
The man hadn’t been sick
They hadn’t met her
(Interrogative) :
Had you seen the film?
Had The man been sick?
Had they met her?
4. Past Perfect Continuos Tense
Present participle of Past this Perfect like action which still take place past time when an other occurence cut.
Formulas of Past Perfect Continuos Tense:
(Positive) : S + had been + V ing
(Negative) : S + had not + been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Had + S + been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) :
They had been living in France
She had been sleeping
They had been meeting
(Negative) :
I hadn’t been living in France
She hadn’t been sleeping
They hadn’t been meeting
(Interrogative) :
Had They been living in France?
Had She had been sleeping?
Had They been meeting?
FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense
This Tense is used to express an action to happen in the future.
Formulas of Simple Future Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will + V1
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + V1
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + V1
Examples:
(Positive) :
I shall see you tonight
He will speaks English well soon
They will do their homework tomorrow
(Negative) :
I will not see you toninght
He will not speaks English well soon
They will not do their homework
(Interrogative) :
Will you see her tonight?
Will he speaks English well soon?
Will they do their homework?
A lot have a notion that Future Tense can be expressed by "be going to". This not entirely correctness, because "going to" usually not express future the purification but containing certainty or intention the speaker. Examples:
He is going to do his homework
I am going to marry you
Comparing with:
He will do his homework as soon as his mother asks him
I will marry you if I have enough money
Future by "going to" seldom accompany another Clause (anak kalimat). because if that way, no longger show someone desire. While Future with shall/will often respective another clauses.
2. Future Continuous Tense
This Tense is used to express estimated to action underway at the time of selected is future or there is happened other action.
Formulas of Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will be + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + Be + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) :
I will be sleeping at 12 o’clock tonight
(Negative) :
I will not be sleeping toninght
(Interrogative) :
Will you be sleeping tonight?
3. Furure Perfect Tense
This Tense is used to express an estimated action have been done at the selected time in future or if there are any other action.
Formulas of Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will have + V3
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have + V3
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) :
You will have spoken English well.
(Negative) :
You will not have spoken English well.
(Interrogative) :
Will You have spoken English well?
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
This Tense is weared to express an estimated action will come in selected future period or if there are any happened other action. This Tense seldom wear.
Formulas of Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will have been + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) :
He will have been teaching for 30 years next January.
(Negative) :
He will not have teaching for 30 years next January.
(Interrogative) :
Will He have been teaching for 30 years next January?
PAST FUTURE TENSE
1. Past Future Tense
This Tense generally only used in Conditional (Kalimat Pengandaian) or Reported Speech (Kalimat tidak langsung).
Formulas of Past Future Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would + V1
(Negative) : S + should/would not + V1
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + V1?
Examples:
(Positive) :
If I were you, I should marry her. (Conditional)
He said that He would go abroad this week (Reported Speech)
(Negative) :
I should not marry her.
(Interrogative) :
Would you marry her?
2. Past Future Continuous Tense
This Tense is weared very rare and if there are any, only met in Reported Speech.
Formulas of Past Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would be + V ing
(Negative) : S + should/would not be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + be + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) :
They told us that they would be having dinner.
(Negative) :
They would not be having dinner.
(Interrogative) :
Would they be having dinner?
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
This Tense intrinsically only weared in Conditional (kalimat Pengandaian) as main clause for expressing unreal past (lampau tak nyata).
Formulas of Past Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would have + V3
(Negative) : S + should/would + have + not +V3
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + have + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) :
You would have met a lot of friends if you attended the party last night.
(Negative) :
You would have not met a lot of friends.
(Interrogative) :
Would you have met a lot friends?
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
This Tense is used very rare even in Reported Speech even if.
Formulas of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would have been + V ing
(Negative) : S + should/would + have not + been +V ing
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + have been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) :
Her baby would have been sleeping for hours when she arrived home.
(Negative) :
Her baby would have not been sleeping for hour when she arrived home.
(Interrogative) :
Would Her baby have been sleeping for hour when she arrived home?
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