Raviq Ayusi | 20120510220 | HI Ipirel A 2012
Tugas Akhir Semester dari Pak Hilman
Membuat makalah dengan tema bebas.
Tugas Akhir Semester dari Pak Hilman
Membuat makalah dengan tema bebas.
Wednesday, 12 December 2012
Final Paper Religion
THE EXCELLENCE AND WEAKNESSES
TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL EDUCATION
IN INDONESIA
A. Background
Since the beginning of Islam to Indonesia, Islamic education is the high importance for Muslims. But there was very little we can know about the development of the Islamic boarding school in the past, especially before the Netherland colonized Indonesia, because the historical record is very lacking. Evidence shows that we can be sure that the Netherland colonial government did bring technological advances to Indonesia and introduce new systems and methods of education. However, the Netherland government did not implement the policy that drives the existing education system in Indonesia, this Islamic education system. In fact, the Netherland colonial government make policies and regulations that restrict and harm Islamic education. It can be seen from the following wisdom.
In 1882 the Netherland government established Priesterreden (religious court), which oversees religious life and education schools. Not so long after, the Ordinance issued in 1905, which contains a provision, that religious teacher who would teach must obtain permission from the local government. More restrictive regulations were made in 1925 that limits who can provide lessons Koran (mengaji). Finally, in 1932 issued regulations to combat and close the Islamic school (madrassas) and schools that no permission or giving lessons is not favoured by the government. (1985:41 Dhofier, Zuhairini 1997:149)
These rules proved lack of justice Netherland colonial government policy towards Islamic education in Indonesia. However, traditional Islamic boarding school education also challenges the independence of Indonesia. After the handover of sovereignty in 1949, the government of the Republic of Indonesia to encourage the development of public schools as possible and widely opened offices in a modern administration for Indonesia were educated in the public schools. The impact of these policies is that the strength of schools as centres of Islamic education in Indonesia fell. This means that the number of young people who used to be attracted to schools of education decreased compared with younger children who want to attend public schools recently expanded. As a result, many small traditional Islamic boarding schools Islam die for lack of enough their student (Dhofier 1985:41).
If we look at the regulations issued by both the Netherland government over the years as well as those made by the government of Indonesia, it is reasonable to draw the conclusion that the development and growth of the Islamic education system, and especially the Islamic boarding school system, quite slowly because there are very limited. However, what can be seen in the history of education is the growth of a strong and rapid traditional Islamic boarding school incredible. As said Zuhairini (1997:150), the "Soul of Islam remained well preserved" in Indonesia.
B. Traditional Islamic Boarding School
Traditional Islamic Boarding School is kind of schools that maintain the purity of the original identity as a place of religious sciences experience (tafaqquh fi-I-din) for the students. All the material that is taught in Islamic boarding school full religious nature which comes from the Arabic-language books (kitab kuning) that was written by the scholars' medieval (ulama). In the perspective of Islamic education in Indonesia there who said that education plays as a traditional Islamic boarding school subs are moving to the area and that the heart of education domain more emphasis on "affective education" or "education attitude". But most of the others mentioned educational boarding school is an integral part of national education which provide insight for learners is integral both cognitive (knowledge) affective (attitude) and psychomotor (skills), thus traditional Islamic boarding schools and systems with distinctive characters that have become an integral part of the national education system despite ups and downs in maintaining its mission and vision, but it is undeniable existence until now traditional Islamic boarding school to survive even some of them even show up as a model of an alternative motion for solving social problems such as rural communities that do traditional Islamic boarding school Pabelan in Magelang who received an award "Aga Khan" in 1980.
C. The Excellence of Traditional Islamic Boarding School:
1. As an agent of change
Effectiveness boarding school Islam to become agents of change actually formed because since the beginning of the existence of traditional Islamic boarding school Islam also position ourselves as community learning centres as demonstrated in boarding Denanyar Gur Dur Jombang who for 50 years never subsided giving free lectures and problem solving for Mother housewife in rural boarding schools and surrounding villages. The result of this activity is not a people person accredited but the formation of values and attitudes view live together in community development by the government but often not reach side. Here it is clear that boarding school is not only education but also the organizers who invited the missionary lifestyle changes in society.
Although the problems solving societal around schools do not use a theory as that used government Development and LBH on the movement that founded on righteousness as a reflection of appreciation and understanding of the religious clerics but effective in changing people's lives can not be doubted. Excellence is excellence real a nation's wealth that if increasingly supported more that significant of all parties in the national life scenarios it is quite possible it will be a very valuable pearl for the improvement of Indonesia. Because once again by observing the world by means of formative approaches and Western social science theories of science would not be accurate.
2. Boarding school has the function tafaqquh fil al din (deepening knowledge of religion)
Tafaqquh function fil al din (deepening knowledge of religion) is an educational institution that has several functions among between tafaqquh functions fi al din (deepening knowledge of religion) function tarbiyah al morality (the formation of personality / character) and the function of community development or social rehabilitation centres. Only in the context of appropriate education teaching and learning concepts tafaqquh fi al din lack should portion that is happening in the schools the emphasis is not on tafaqquh fi al din but just knowledge transfer. Although in traditional Islamic boarding school students more put substantial scientific achievement rather than attainment of formal achievement but still there is a demand that urges no re-perception to the understanding of the kitab kuning is not just to understand as it was in black and white of the text that are in the kitab kuning, but also its historical context. Or even not just books but also may book yellow black white red and blue. For understand the demands comprehensive context of classical literature which is a fundamental requirement as a condition of qualification knowledge in order to answer a variety of global challenges.
D. Weakness of Traditional Islamic Boarding School:
The experts noted some weaknesses Traditional Islamic Boarding School, among others:
1. At the boarding school that has not been able to formulate a vision, mission and goals of education that systematically set out in a clear work program. So the stage achievement also tended to be around the globe.
2. Systems that do not fully centralized leadership missing so often interfere with the mechanism of collective work smoothly even though a lot of changes that can not be handled by one person.
3. In response to the changes tend to be very slow concept 'ala al qodim Almuhafadatu as pious wal ajdu jadidil aslah bil "is always placed in the position of how the unbroken thread and flour was scattered like when people take the stairs when one of the left leg below the foot of the stairs that kite flying in the air could be a slip or fall, the risk when the risk of fear that she would never move from the bottom of the ladder.
4. Democratic education system less efficient and varied so quickly raises the saturation on the learner, Etc.
5. Culture of teaching and learning in many schools felt less give leeway to ask let alone debate, especially in the formulation of the "why" thing according to Masdar F Mas'udi (1993: 11) Because closely associated with historical roots that is very typical day in the life of the Islamic community stagnation mid 13th century AD.
6. In most communities a traditional Islamic boarding school there is a perception is not entirely true frame which a frame which assumes that knowledge is not something that was born out of the observation (ru'ya) and reasoning (ra'yu) but a gushing nur or that are emitted from the top of a that the source is not known how it came. Late emerging perception that science is not something that should be sought and pursued dug from the ground but something expected from the "top". Here in after the turn was not only believed that the science emanating from above but also includes the ability of other people or even ability everything that lay in the universe. Result of what must be done is someone to acquire knowledge that is provides conditions conducive to the spiritual grace that comes through the practice of spiritual exercises (riyadhah) intensively and properly.
7. Traditional Islamic Boarding school memorize more than the ability to understand and make sense of the science of science it is recognized that the ability to remember and memorize rather than something that is not important but it must be balanced with the ability to reason because if the reasoning is weakened then dimensions with their own students to not have adequate power critical thinking reply. The end of the educational process merely transfer (move) there is no process of deepening the understanding and study (kajian). Well if this is happening then not tafaqquh but only tahafudz. Literature who studied not only limited to the book that has become finished goods such fahtul muin Fathul wahab but priority on science methodologies such as: usul fiqh era constitution, and the other.
E. Conclusion:
Result that education in traditional Islamic boarding schools there are disadvantages and advantages but if schools are able to optimize the elimination of weaknesses and more optimal in advantages then it is quite possible he was one alternative which is quite promising future days to come, especially in the middle of airless national education system that tends is emphasis on education for the brain and the relative neglect of Education for The heart that turns almost certainly will result in over-educated society increasingly booming unemployment giant intellectual elite in a technical but ethical arrogant creep in knowledge but confused with intelligent life in enjoying the brains but stupid conscience. In an atmosphere that these institutions be ogled for schools play a role if: 1) Educational institutions that unite humanistic education integrally idealistic pragmatic and realistic. 2) Social rehabilitation centres (many families who suffered psychological shock of spiritual will entrust rescue the boarding school Islam) 3) as human scorer who has the balance of the smart trio Intellectual Intelligence (IQ) Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and Spiritual intelligence (SQ).
In carrying out the educational system and the teaching process in the perspective of a traditional Islamic boarding school education and the role of Islam in Indonesia has had elements or contribute ideas to flourish and grow Islamic education. In this case the educational institutions that teach Islam to the people and children in Indonesia have been born and grown since the early days of the arrival of Islam in this country. In the early emergence of these institutions is very simple recitation of the Qur'an in the form and manner of worship that was held at the surau or mosque preachers in homes.
The existence of institutions that are above then appears and develops with the name of these traditional Islamic boarding schools continues to grow based on the responsibility of delivering For Islam to the community and future generations. The traditional Islamic boarding school as a residence of the student’s hostile mosque as a centre of worship and educational pedagogy students (santri) as search the kitab kuningand scholars who nurture a majority of the five basic elements existence. In traditional Islamic boarding school is a learning community that is closely religious relationship with the surrounding environment in general rural communities. The community is an integral part of religious life in the reality of everyday life and not seen as a separate sector
As has been explained or described in the discussion before the core or emphasis of education and traditional Islamic boarding school as a place where Islam Indonesia reached a level that is achieved national development goals in education. Realistically many people considered that the system of education that takes place in this country is still not able to achieve deliver of Islamic education to build human being in Indonesia. Evidently increasingly widespread fighting between students consume less rampant drug trafficking respect learners to educators and parents appear that tribal egoism leads to low morale of the separatist state officials as well as other is indications that support the above assessment.
REFERENCES
1. Hasbullah, Drs, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia:Lintasan Sejarah Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta: 1999.
2. Dhofier, Zamakhsyari, Tradisi Pesantren: Studi Tentang Pandangan Hidup Kyai, LP3ES, Jakarta: 1985.
3. Zuhairini, Dra. Dkk, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta: 1997.
4. Azra, Prof.Dr.Azyumardi, Pendidikan Islam: Tradisi dan Modernisasi Menuju Milenium Baru, Penerbit Kalimah, Jakarta: 2001.
5. Ziemek, Manfred, Pesantren Dalam Perubahan Sosial, Bumi Aksara Jakarta: 1986.
Terimakasih untuk ayah yang telah membantu dalam membuat makalah ini hehe… maaf kalau masih ada kesalahan grammar, masih belajar :)
Love my daddy :*, hehe..
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