Violence can happen anywhere, like on the streets, in schools, in residential complexes, even in the countryside. Actions can be either verbal (berate) and physical abuse (hitting, punching, etc.). In teenagers action commonly known as the brawl student / mass is that too often we have seen, and even tend to be ordinary. Actors act this action even been started by students at the junior / high school. This is very alarming to us all. Violent acts often do teenage aggression is actually the behavior of the individual or group. Aggression itself according Scheneiders (1955) is a flood of emotions in reaction to the failure of an individual that is displayed in the form of destruction of a person or object with the element of intent is expressed in words (verbal) and non-verbal behavior.
Aggressive by Murry (in Halll and Lindzey, 1993) As with suatui didefinisiakan how to fight with a very strong, fighting, wounding, attack, kill, or punish others. Short or aggression is an act that is intended to injure another person or damage to property of others. Aggressive behavior by David O. Sars (1985) is any perilkau aimed at hurting others, can also be addressed to the feelings of wanting to hurt someone else in a person.
Meanwhile, according to Abidin (2005) Aggressive has several characteristics. Characteristics of the first, is aggressive behavior that is harmful, painful, and hurt others. Characteristics of the second, an aggressive behavior of a person with intent to injure, hurt, and harm other people or in other words deliberate. The third characteristic, aggression is not only done to physically harm the victim, but also a psychic (psychological), for example, through activities that insult or in blame.
From some of the definitions that have been put forward so we can draw the conclusion that aggressive behavior is an act of violence, whether verbal or physical deliberate conducted by an individual or group against another person or other objects in order to melaukai physically and psychologically. The question then is what are the factors that can trigger the aggressive behavior? Why trivial cases in the social life of everyday people can suddenly turn into a major disaster resulting in the loss of human lives? Why To answer these questions, it helps us understand first what causes aggressive behavior.
According to Davidoff adolescent aggressive behavior is influenced by several factors:
1. Biological Factors
There are several biological factors that influence aggressive behavior, namely:
a. The gene seems to affect the formation of the neural systems that regulate aggressive behavior. From the study of animals, ranging from the difficult to the most easily provoked anger, hereditary factors seem to make the male animals of all breeds more irritable than females.
b. Brain systems that are not involved in the aggression it can reinforce or inhibit the neural circuits that control aggression. In simple animals angry can be inhibited or enhanced by stimulating the limbic system (the area that causes pleasure in humans) so there is a reciprocal relationship between pleasure and cruelty. Prescott (Davidoff, 1991) states that people oriented will delight little aggression while those who have never experienced the fun, excitement or a relaxing inclined to commit atrocities and destruction (aggression). Prescott believes that the desire to destroy due to the inability to enjoy something that caused a brain injury from lack of stimulation as infants.
c. Blood chemistry. Blood chemistry (particularly sex hormones is partly determined heredity) can also influence aggressive behavior. In an experiment scientists testosteropada hormone injected rats and some other animals (testosterone is an androgen hormone that gives primary male sex characteristics), the rats were fighting more frequent and more powerful. When testosterone is reduced to gentle animals. The fact is that young bull that has been castrated (genitals cut) will be benign. Meanwhile, in women who are experiencing menstrual period, levels of female hormones that amount progresteronmenurun estrogendan result many women report that they feel irritable, restless, tense and hostile. In addition, many women who are breaking the law (aggression) at the time of the menstrual cycle.
2. Environmental factors
That influence adolescent aggressive behavior are:
a. Poverty
Teenagers are great in environments of poverty, so they are naturally aggressive behavior has strengthened. The very sad thing is with protracted crises and monetary ekonimi cause pembengklakan kemskinan growing out of control. This means the potential explosion of the greater levels of aggression. Yes even though we have to admit that poverty does not always make people behave aggressively, with evidence of many people in rural areas who despite living in a state of poverty but not membuatnnya behave aggressively, because he had received his situation is.
b. Anoniomitas
Too much sensory stimulation and cognitive make the world a very impersonal, meaning from one person to other people no longer know each other. Furthermore, individuals tend to be anonymous (not having identiras myself). If a person feels he is likely to behave arbitrarily anonymous himself, because he was not the norm terikkat da people less sympathetic to others.
c. Temperatures are hot
When observed closely brawl that occurred in Jakarta often occur during the day in the scorching heat of the sun, but when the rainy season is relatively no event. So also with the demonstrations that led to clashes with security forces that are common in hot weather but the heat and rain when the day of action has also been quiet.
This is consistent with the view that a high ambient temperature has an impact on social behavior include increased aggressiveness. In 1968 the U.S. Riot Comisión been reported that in the summer, a series of riots and mass aggression are more prevalent in the United States compared with other seasons (Fisher et al, in Sarlito, Environmental Psychology, 1992
3. The generation gap
Any differences or gaps (gap) between the generations of children with their parents can be seen in the form of communication is increasingly minimal and often disconnected. Failure of communication between parents and children is believed to be one of the causes of aggressive behavior in children.
4. Anger
Angry is an emotion that has a characteristic activity of the parasympathetic nervous system is high and the feeling is very strong dislike is usually caused by an error that muingkin akarena manifestly wrong or maybe not (Davidoff, An Introduction to Psychology, 1991). At the moment there is a feeling of wanting amrah strike, punch, smash or throw something and usually appear cruel mind. If it is distributed, and there was aggressive behavior.
5. Role models studied violence
Model heroes in movies are often rewarded after they commit acts of violence. It can make the audience will get a reinforcement that it is fun and can be used as a system of values for themselves. With the violent scenes witnessed a process of learning a role model of violence and Hali is a very effective way to create aggressive behavior.
6. Frustration
Frustration occurs when someone blocked by ssesuatu thing in achieving a goal, needs, desires, expectations or specific action. Aggression is one way to respond to frustration. Teens naughty poor is a result of the frustration that relate to the amount of time idle, the barely adequate finances and the need to be right away but it was difficult tepenuhi TERCAP [ai. As a result, they become irritable and act of aggression.
7. Erroneous disciplinary process
Education authoritarian discipline with harsh application is mainly done by giving physical punishment, can cause a variety of effects that are bad for teenagers (Sukadji, Family and Success Education, 1988). Educational disciplines such as would make the youth to be a coward, not friendly to others, hate the person who gave the penalty, loss of spontaneity and loss of initiative and ultimately to vent their anger in the form of aggression to others.
Since human beings are born into this world he will go through some period of life up to the time he got to the grave. Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and later became a parent, no more merely a natural process in life that sustained growth stages that must be passed by a man. Each period of growth has its own characteristics, each has advantages and disadvantages. Similarly adolescence. Adolescence is often regarded as the most vulnerable period in the life. Adolescence is often raises concerns for parents. Adolescence is often a lot of discussion in the seminar. And for the teens themselves, this period is the most fun in his life. Therefore, by knowing the causes as described above is expected to be taken for the benefit of parents, educators and especially the youth themselves in behavior and educating the next generation to be better that the violence in the form of verbal aggression and physical aggression can minimized or even eliminated.
Khalil Gibran said that children are like arrows. The question is, have these arrows gain the freedom to drive where he go? Or for the sake of prestige, or whatever else the shaft will be taken and attached to the target? Teenagers are a generation of a civilization. Hence has a strategic role in planning and even the direction and development actors themselves. However, the wrong treatment in adolescents both naughty and who is not by parents and policy makers would likely result in the worse on that civilization.
Aggressive by Murry (in Halll and Lindzey, 1993) As with suatui didefinisiakan how to fight with a very strong, fighting, wounding, attack, kill, or punish others. Short or aggression is an act that is intended to injure another person or damage to property of others. Aggressive behavior by David O. Sars (1985) is any perilkau aimed at hurting others, can also be addressed to the feelings of wanting to hurt someone else in a person.
Meanwhile, according to Abidin (2005) Aggressive has several characteristics. Characteristics of the first, is aggressive behavior that is harmful, painful, and hurt others. Characteristics of the second, an aggressive behavior of a person with intent to injure, hurt, and harm other people or in other words deliberate. The third characteristic, aggression is not only done to physically harm the victim, but also a psychic (psychological), for example, through activities that insult or in blame.
From some of the definitions that have been put forward so we can draw the conclusion that aggressive behavior is an act of violence, whether verbal or physical deliberate conducted by an individual or group against another person or other objects in order to melaukai physically and psychologically. The question then is what are the factors that can trigger the aggressive behavior? Why trivial cases in the social life of everyday people can suddenly turn into a major disaster resulting in the loss of human lives? Why To answer these questions, it helps us understand first what causes aggressive behavior.
According to Davidoff adolescent aggressive behavior is influenced by several factors:
1. Biological Factors
There are several biological factors that influence aggressive behavior, namely:
a. The gene seems to affect the formation of the neural systems that regulate aggressive behavior. From the study of animals, ranging from the difficult to the most easily provoked anger, hereditary factors seem to make the male animals of all breeds more irritable than females.
b. Brain systems that are not involved in the aggression it can reinforce or inhibit the neural circuits that control aggression. In simple animals angry can be inhibited or enhanced by stimulating the limbic system (the area that causes pleasure in humans) so there is a reciprocal relationship between pleasure and cruelty. Prescott (Davidoff, 1991) states that people oriented will delight little aggression while those who have never experienced the fun, excitement or a relaxing inclined to commit atrocities and destruction (aggression). Prescott believes that the desire to destroy due to the inability to enjoy something that caused a brain injury from lack of stimulation as infants.
c. Blood chemistry. Blood chemistry (particularly sex hormones is partly determined heredity) can also influence aggressive behavior. In an experiment scientists testosteropada hormone injected rats and some other animals (testosterone is an androgen hormone that gives primary male sex characteristics), the rats were fighting more frequent and more powerful. When testosterone is reduced to gentle animals. The fact is that young bull that has been castrated (genitals cut) will be benign. Meanwhile, in women who are experiencing menstrual period, levels of female hormones that amount progresteronmenurun estrogendan result many women report that they feel irritable, restless, tense and hostile. In addition, many women who are breaking the law (aggression) at the time of the menstrual cycle.
2. Environmental factors
That influence adolescent aggressive behavior are:
a. Poverty
Teenagers are great in environments of poverty, so they are naturally aggressive behavior has strengthened. The very sad thing is with protracted crises and monetary ekonimi cause pembengklakan kemskinan growing out of control. This means the potential explosion of the greater levels of aggression. Yes even though we have to admit that poverty does not always make people behave aggressively, with evidence of many people in rural areas who despite living in a state of poverty but not membuatnnya behave aggressively, because he had received his situation is.
b. Anoniomitas
Too much sensory stimulation and cognitive make the world a very impersonal, meaning from one person to other people no longer know each other. Furthermore, individuals tend to be anonymous (not having identiras myself). If a person feels he is likely to behave arbitrarily anonymous himself, because he was not the norm terikkat da people less sympathetic to others.
c. Temperatures are hot
When observed closely brawl that occurred in Jakarta often occur during the day in the scorching heat of the sun, but when the rainy season is relatively no event. So also with the demonstrations that led to clashes with security forces that are common in hot weather but the heat and rain when the day of action has also been quiet.
This is consistent with the view that a high ambient temperature has an impact on social behavior include increased aggressiveness. In 1968 the U.S. Riot Comisión been reported that in the summer, a series of riots and mass aggression are more prevalent in the United States compared with other seasons (Fisher et al, in Sarlito, Environmental Psychology, 1992
3. The generation gap
Any differences or gaps (gap) between the generations of children with their parents can be seen in the form of communication is increasingly minimal and often disconnected. Failure of communication between parents and children is believed to be one of the causes of aggressive behavior in children.
4. Anger
Angry is an emotion that has a characteristic activity of the parasympathetic nervous system is high and the feeling is very strong dislike is usually caused by an error that muingkin akarena manifestly wrong or maybe not (Davidoff, An Introduction to Psychology, 1991). At the moment there is a feeling of wanting amrah strike, punch, smash or throw something and usually appear cruel mind. If it is distributed, and there was aggressive behavior.
5. Role models studied violence
Model heroes in movies are often rewarded after they commit acts of violence. It can make the audience will get a reinforcement that it is fun and can be used as a system of values for themselves. With the violent scenes witnessed a process of learning a role model of violence and Hali is a very effective way to create aggressive behavior.
6. Frustration
Frustration occurs when someone blocked by ssesuatu thing in achieving a goal, needs, desires, expectations or specific action. Aggression is one way to respond to frustration. Teens naughty poor is a result of the frustration that relate to the amount of time idle, the barely adequate finances and the need to be right away but it was difficult tepenuhi TERCAP [ai. As a result, they become irritable and act of aggression.
7. Erroneous disciplinary process
Education authoritarian discipline with harsh application is mainly done by giving physical punishment, can cause a variety of effects that are bad for teenagers (Sukadji, Family and Success Education, 1988). Educational disciplines such as would make the youth to be a coward, not friendly to others, hate the person who gave the penalty, loss of spontaneity and loss of initiative and ultimately to vent their anger in the form of aggression to others.
Since human beings are born into this world he will go through some period of life up to the time he got to the grave. Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and later became a parent, no more merely a natural process in life that sustained growth stages that must be passed by a man. Each period of growth has its own characteristics, each has advantages and disadvantages. Similarly adolescence. Adolescence is often regarded as the most vulnerable period in the life. Adolescence is often raises concerns for parents. Adolescence is often a lot of discussion in the seminar. And for the teens themselves, this period is the most fun in his life. Therefore, by knowing the causes as described above is expected to be taken for the benefit of parents, educators and especially the youth themselves in behavior and educating the next generation to be better that the violence in the form of verbal aggression and physical aggression can minimized or even eliminated.
Khalil Gibran said that children are like arrows. The question is, have these arrows gain the freedom to drive where he go? Or for the sake of prestige, or whatever else the shaft will be taken and attached to the target? Teenagers are a generation of a civilization. Hence has a strategic role in planning and even the direction and development actors themselves. However, the wrong treatment in adolescents both naughty and who is not by parents and policy makers would likely result in the worse on that civilization.
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