Memelihara Kambing Perah
(Sumber: Soedjai, Ahmad. 1975. Beternak Kambing. Bandung-Jakarta: N.V. Masa Baru.)
Kambing perah pada umumnya memerlukan pemeliharaan yang lebih baik dan lebih teliti dari pada kambing biasa. Apalagi jika kambing itu sedang menghasilkan air susu. Tiap waktu ia harus bersih dan pada bulunya jangan ada kotoran yang melekat. Biasanya kambing perahan itu teristimewa bulu pada kaki belakang bagian atasnya. Jika perlu, bulu di sini harus digunting pendek supaya gampang membersihkannya, tiap minggku paling kurang satu kali ini harus dimandikan dan digosok sampai bersih. Jika akan diperah bagian belakang dari kambing itu harus bersih benar. Ambing susu dan puntingnya dan sekitar ambing susu dibersihkan dengan air yang agak hangat (hangat kuku) pakai lap yang bersih pula setelah itu dikeringkan dengan lap bersih. Lantai tempat kambing berdiri untuk diperah harus dijaga juga. Supaya licin, maka tangan yang memerah setelahnya dibersihkan hendaknya ulas sedikit dengan minyak kelapa atau vaselin. Setelah itu maka perahan dapat dimulai dengan menjepit punting susu dengna 2-3 jari, kanan kiri berganti. Dengan itu air susu mulai keluar. Ambing susu harus diperah sampai kempis, yang berarti air susu telah habis. Jika ada ketinggalan air susu di dalamnya, ambing susu bisa jadi sakit. Pada kambing yang baru permulaan di perah, pemerahan tidak akan berjalan begitu lancer, sebab biasanya hewannya berontak, menendang dan sebagainya. Di sini harus ada orang lain yang menolong untuk memegang kambing baru itu supaya jadi diam dan tenang. Sebabnya gelisah itu adalah karena ia masih takut, merasa geli atau sakit. Begitu pula air susu pada permulaan kali belum dapat keluar dengan lancer. Untuk memperbaiki hal ini, biasanya anak kambing itu harus disuruh menyusu dahulu sebentar. Setelah itu si anak dipisahkan dari induknya dan pemerahan dapat dilanjutla. Tempat penampungan air susu yang keluar harus bersih benar, supaya air susu tidak jadi kotor dan tidak lekas asam dan pecah. Tempat susu itu tidak boleb berminyak, bau berambang dan lainnya. Memerah ini sebaiknya diselenggarakan hanya dua kali sehari, pagi-pagi kira-kira jam 6-7 dan sore hari kira-kira jam 5-6. Selain itu pemeliharaan yang tersebut di atas terhadap kambing perahan harus pula diperhatikan hal makanannya. Banyak makanan hijauan untuk tiap harinya tiap ekor kambing perahan hendaknya 5-7 kg. jika kambing itu tidak digembalakan jadi dikurung di kandang saja. Kalau kambing itu pada waktu tertentu dikeluarkan dari kandang dan digembalakan maka makanan hijau yang dibutuhkan di kandang lebih sedikit seperti 4-5 kg. untuk kambing perahan ini makanan hijauan terdiri sebagian besar dari daun turi yang banyak sekali untuknya karena mengandung zat terpenting untuk menghasilkan air susu atau memperbanyak air susu. Air susunya menjadi wangi baunya dan lezat rasanya. Sebaiknya kambing perah jangan diberikan makan daun lamtoro (petai cina, kemelandingan, malandingan, petai selong) sebab air susunya menjadi berbau petai. Di samping makanan hijau ini harus pula kambing itu diberi makanan penguat tiap hari kira-kira ½ 1 kg banyaknya dan diberikannya sebagai bubur 2 kali sehari. Pagi-pagi satu kali dan siang hari satu kali. Makanan penguat ini hendaknya terdiri dari campuran:
a) Satu bagian jangung atau beras merah atau gabah.
b) Satu bagian dedak padi atau dedak jagung.
c) Satu bagian bungkil kelapa atau bungkil kacang atau dedak kacang kedelai atau kacang hijau.
Dari campuran (a), (b) dan (c) ini diberikan untuk tiap ekor kambing ½-1 kg seharinya. Kepada campuran makanan penguat ini jangan luma menambahkan sedikit garam, kapur makan (kapur sirih) dan tepung tulang, banyaknya kira-kira:
a) Garam dapur (NaCl) 12 ½ gram,
b) Kapur makan (kapur sirih) 25 gram,
c) Tepung tulang 12 gram.
Untuk (a), (b) dan (c) bagi satu ekor kambing di dalam waktu satu hari. Air minum hendaknya diberikan juga kepada kambing ini dua kali sehari secukupnya. Untuk menjaga supaya air susu tidak berbau kambing jantan maka kambing jantan yang ada di peternakan itu harus ditempatkan sejauh mungkin dari tempat kambing perah.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english):
Maintaining Dairy Goats
(Source: Soedjai, Ahmad., 1975. Raising Goats. Bandung-Jakarta: The new NV.)
Dairy goats generally require the maintenance of a better and more thoroughly than ordinary goat. Moreover, if the goats were producing milk. Each time he had to clean and the bristles do not exist grime. Usually goat milking it especially fur on the back of the upper leg. If necessary, the hair should be cut short here so easy to clean, each minggku at least one has to be washed and scrubbed clean. If going to the back of the goat milking it should be clean properly. Udder milk and milk puntingnya and around the udder cleaned with a little warm water (lukewarm) also use a clean cloth then dried with a clean cloth. Floor space for milking goats standing must be maintained as well. So slick, the hands should be cleaned after flushing a little cover with coconut oil or vaseline. After that it can be started by pinning milking dairy punting dengna 2-3 finger, right-left switch. With that the milk started coming out. Udder milk must be milked until the flat, which means that the milk had expired. If anyone missed the milk in it, it could be sore udders. At the beginning of the new goat at milking, milking will not run so smoothly, because usually the animals revolted, kicking and so on. There must be other people who helped to hold the new goat so so still and quiet. The reason it was agitated because he was scared, amused or pain. Similarly, the milk at the beginning of time have not been able to come out with a clear conscience. To fix this, usually the kid should be required to suckle first minute. After that, the child is separated from its mother and milking can dilanjutla. Shelter out of milk should be clean properly, so that the milk does not get dirty and not quickly sour and broken. Place the milk was not boleb greasy, smelly berambang and others. Expressing should be held only twice a day, early in the morning at around 6-7 and the afternoon at around 5-6. In addition to the above maintenance of the milking goats should also note the food. Many forage for food each day by milking goats should be 5-7 kg. if the goat was not grazed so locked up in a cage alone. If goats were removed at specific times of the stables and grazing the green food in the cage needed a little more like 4-5 kg. for this milking goats forage diet consists mostly of leaves turi's a lot for him because it contains important substances to produce milk or her milk. Milk becomes fragrant smell and delicious taste. Should not be given dairy goats eating leaves lamtoro (petai china, kemelandingan, malandingan, petai Selong) causes milk to be smelling a banana. In addition to these green foods should also be given food reinforcement goat every day approximately 1 ½ kg and exerts much as porridge 2 times a day. Early in the morning one time and one time during the day. This amplifier Food should consist of a mixture of:
a) One part corn or brown rice or grain.
b) One part rice bran or corn bran.
c) One part coconut or peanut meal or bran soya beans or green beans.
Of a mixture of (a), (b) and (c) is given to each goat ½ -1 kg a day. To a mixture of food reinforcement is not luma add a little salt, limestone meal (whiting) and bone meal, the amount of approximately:
a) Salt (NaCl) 12 ½ grams,
b) Lime meal (whiting) 25 grams,
c) bone flour 12 grams.
For (a), (b) and (c) for the goats in one day. Drinking water should be given to goats twice a day is sufficient. To keep the water goat milk does not smell the goat farm is in it should be placed as far as possible from the dairy goats.
(Source: Soedjai, Ahmad., 1975. Raising Goats. Bandung-Jakarta: The new NV.)
Dairy goats generally require the maintenance of a better and more thoroughly than ordinary goat. Moreover, if the goats were producing milk. Each time he had to clean and the bristles do not exist grime. Usually goat milking it especially fur on the back of the upper leg. If necessary, the hair should be cut short here so easy to clean, each minggku at least one has to be washed and scrubbed clean. If going to the back of the goat milking it should be clean properly. Udder milk and milk puntingnya and around the udder cleaned with a little warm water (lukewarm) also use a clean cloth then dried with a clean cloth. Floor space for milking goats standing must be maintained as well. So slick, the hands should be cleaned after flushing a little cover with coconut oil or vaseline. After that it can be started by pinning milking dairy punting dengna 2-3 finger, right-left switch. With that the milk started coming out. Udder milk must be milked until the flat, which means that the milk had expired. If anyone missed the milk in it, it could be sore udders. At the beginning of the new goat at milking, milking will not run so smoothly, because usually the animals revolted, kicking and so on. There must be other people who helped to hold the new goat so so still and quiet. The reason it was agitated because he was scared, amused or pain. Similarly, the milk at the beginning of time have not been able to come out with a clear conscience. To fix this, usually the kid should be required to suckle first minute. After that, the child is separated from its mother and milking can dilanjutla. Shelter out of milk should be clean properly, so that the milk does not get dirty and not quickly sour and broken. Place the milk was not boleb greasy, smelly berambang and others. Expressing should be held only twice a day, early in the morning at around 6-7 and the afternoon at around 5-6. In addition to the above maintenance of the milking goats should also note the food. Many forage for food each day by milking goats should be 5-7 kg. if the goat was not grazed so locked up in a cage alone. If goats were removed at specific times of the stables and grazing the green food in the cage needed a little more like 4-5 kg. for this milking goats forage diet consists mostly of leaves turi's a lot for him because it contains important substances to produce milk or her milk. Milk becomes fragrant smell and delicious taste. Should not be given dairy goats eating leaves lamtoro (petai china, kemelandingan, malandingan, petai Selong) causes milk to be smelling a banana. In addition to these green foods should also be given food reinforcement goat every day approximately 1 ½ kg and exerts much as porridge 2 times a day. Early in the morning one time and one time during the day. This amplifier Food should consist of a mixture of:
a) One part corn or brown rice or grain.
b) One part rice bran or corn bran.
c) One part coconut or peanut meal or bran soya beans or green beans.
Of a mixture of (a), (b) and (c) is given to each goat ½ -1 kg a day. To a mixture of food reinforcement is not luma add a little salt, limestone meal (whiting) and bone meal, the amount of approximately:
a) Salt (NaCl) 12 ½ grams,
b) Lime meal (whiting) 25 grams,
c) bone flour 12 grams.
For (a), (b) and (c) for the goats in one day. Drinking water should be given to goats twice a day is sufficient. To keep the water goat milk does not smell the goat farm is in it should be placed as far as possible from the dairy goats.
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